OrphanAnesthesia
U. Hariharan, D. Bharti, S. Singhal

Denys-Drash Syndrome

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Keywords Denys-Drash Syndrome; ICD 10: N04.1 ORPHAcode: 220; Synonyms: Drash Syndrome, Wilms tumor-DSD syndrome
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Summary

Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS) is an uncommon genetic condition triggered by mutations in WT-1 (located on chromosome band 11p13), a gene known for its tumor-suppressing properties and involvement in gonadal development [1]. The exact incidence of DDS is not known but till date less than 300 cases have been reported in the literature [2]. It manifests as a combination of three disorders: ambiguous genitalia, nephrotic syndrome progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and Wilms’ tumor [3]. Individuals affected by DDS typically exhibit renal histological characteristics aligned with diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS) or, in rare cases, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) [4]. Diagnosing DDS entails a comprehensive assessment of clinical features, genetic testing to identify WT1 gene mutations, and renal biopsy to evaluate kidney pathology [5]. Early detection of DDS is imperative to initiate timely management and minimize complications. Management strategies predominantly focus on supportive care, including pharmacological interventions to manage proteinuria and hypertension, dietary modifications, and renal replacement therapy for individuals with ESRD [6]. Regular imaging studies are also recommended for surveillance of Wilms' tumor to enable early detection and treatment. Despite advancements in medical management, individuals with DDS face considerable morbidity and mortality stemming from progressive renal dysfunction and the heightened risk of cancer. Early intervention with renal replacement therapy and vigilant monitoring for complications can enhance outcomes and quality of life for those affected by DDS [3].

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